Getting Back to Basics - OOP Development with AS3

I was recently asked to explain some OOP concepts even though I have been using OOP for a long while now, and found verbally I couldn't explain this, probably due to myself not ever learning UML and OOP "formally".

So I have tasked myself to go back to basic and re-teach myself the core basics of OOP.

The frist 3 things I was told to thoroughly understand was :

1.  Inheritance
2. Aggregation
3. Composition.

I then to know what an Interface is and how Abstraction is used.

This was a fun and daunting task I thought with my 10 years of development experience this should be be pretty straight forward. Nonetheless here it is.